Ash tree Totally Explained

Everything about Ash Tree totally explained

An ash can be any of four different tree genera from four very distinct families; most commonly in a combined form (for example "mountain ash"; see end of page for disambiguation), but originally and most commonly refers to trees of the genus Fraxinus (from Latin "ash tree") in the olive family Oleaceae. The ashes are usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen. The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately-compound, simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as keys, are a type of fruit known as a samara. The tree's common English name goes back to the Old English æsc, a word also routinely used in Old English documents to refer to spears made of ash wood.

Selected species

Ashes of eastern North America

Fraxinus americana White Ash (also called cane ash, Biltmore ash or Biltmore white ash)
Fraxinus caroliniana Water Ash
Fraxinus nigra Black Ash (also called swamp ash, basket ash, brown ash, hoop ash, or water ash)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash (also called red ash, swamp ash or water ash)
Fraxinus profunda (syn. F. tomentosa) Pumpkin Ash (also called red ash)
Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue Ash
Fraxinus tremillium Indigo Ash

Ashes of western and southwestern North America

Fraxinus anomala Single-leaf Ash

Fraxinus cuspidata Fragrant Ash

Fraxinus dipetala California Ash or Two-petal Ash

Fraxinus dubia

Fraxinus gooddingii Goodding's Ash

Fraxinus greggii Gregg's Ash

Fraxinus latifolia Oregon Ash

Fraxinus lowellii Lowell Ash

Fraxinus papillosa Chihuahua Ash

Fraxinus purpusii

Fraxinus rufescens

Fraxinus texensis Mountain Ash or Texas Ash

Fraxinus uhdei Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash

Fraxinus velutina Velvet Ash

Ashes of the Western Palearctic (Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia)

Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leafed Ash

Fraxinus angustifolia var. oxycarpa (syn. F. oxycarpa) Caucasian Ash

Fraxinus excelsior European Ash

Fraxinus holotricha

Fraxinus ornus Manna Ash or Flowering Ash

Fraxinus syriaca

Fraxinus pallisiae Pallis' Ash

Ashes of the Eastern Palearctic (central & eastern Asia)

Fraxinus apertisquamifera

Fraxinus baroniana

Fraxinus bungeana Bunge's Ash

Fraxinus chinensis Chinese Ash or Korean Ash

Fraxinus chiisanensis

Fraxinus floribunda Himalayan Manna Ash

Fraxinus griffithii Griffith's Ash

Fraxinus hubeiensis

Fraxinus japonica Japanese Ash

Fraxinus lanuginosa

Fraxinus longicuspis

Fraxinus malacophylla

Fraxinus mandschurica Manchurian Ash

Fraxinus mariesii Chinese Flowering Ash

Fraxinus micrantha

Fraxinus paxiana

Fraxinus platypoda

Fraxinus raibocarpa

Fraxinus sieboldiana Japanese Flowering Ash

Fraxinus spaethiana Späth's Ash

Fraxinus trifoliata

Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Afghan Ash

Threats

The emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis, a wood-boring beetle accidentally introduced to North America from eastern Asia with ash wood products circa 1998, has killed millions of trees in the Midwestern US and adjacent Ontario, and some isolated smaller areas on eastern North America. It threatens some 7 billion ash trees in North America. The public is being cautioned not to transport unfinished wood products, such as firewood, to slow the spread of this insect pest.
Ash is also used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species (butterflies and moths) -- see list of Lepidoptera that feed on ashes.

Uses

The wood is hard (a hardwood), tough and very strong but elastic, extensively used for making bows, tool handles, quality wooden baseball bats, hurley sticks and other uses demanding high strength and resilience. It is also often used as material for electric guitar bodies, known for its bright, cutting tone and sustaining quality, as well as snooker cues. Ash veneers are extensively used in office furniture. It also makes excellent firewood. The two most economically important species for wood production are White Ash in eastern North America, and European Ash in Europe. The Green Ash is widely planted as a street tree in the United States. The inner bark of the Blue Ash has been used as a source for a blue dye. The cortex (bark) of Fraxinus rhynchophylla HANCE (Chinese: Ku li bai la shu), Fraxinus chinensis ROXB. (Chinese: Bai la shu), Fraxinus szaboana English (Chinese: Jian ye bai la shu) and Fraxinus stylosa English (Chinese: su zhu bai la shu)are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for diarrhea, dysenteric disorder, and vaginal discharge. It is also good for the eyes where there's symptoms of redness, swelling, and pain. The dosage is 6-12 grams.

Cultural aspects

In Norse mythology, the World Tree Yggdrasil is commonly held to be an ash tree, and the first man, Ask, was formed from an ash tree (the first woman was made from elm). Elsewhere in Europe, snakes were said to be repelled by ash leaves or a circle drawn by an ash branch. Irish folklore claims that shadows from an ash tree would damage crops. In Cheshire, it's said that ash could be used to cure warts or rickets. See also the letter ash.
In Greek mythology, the Meliai were nymphs of the ash, perhaps specifically of the Manna Ash (Fraxinus ornus), as dryads were nymphs of the oak. Many echoes of archaic Hellene rites and myth involve ash trees.
The ash exudes a sugary substance that, it has been suggested, was fermented to create the Norse "Mead of Inspiration."(External Link

)

Other name uses (Green Tree)

In North America, the name "Mountain ash" is applied to species the genus Sorbus, more commonly known in the UK as Rowans and Whitebeams, and the name "Prickly ash" is applied to Zanthoxylum americanum and other Zanthoxylums, all in the family Rutaceae, the rue and citrus family. In Australia, many common eucalyptus species are called ash because they too produce hard, fine-grained timber. The best known of these is the Mountain Ash, the tallest broadleaf tree in the world.

Further Information

Get more info on 'Ash Tree'.

External Link Exchanges

Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:

<a href="http://ash_tree.totallyexplained.com">Ash tree Totally Explained</a>

Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned.